As with most STIs, infection is transmitted more readily from men to women than from women to men. Although less common, gonorrhea can be transmitted by oral sex. Even without anal sex, women can sometimes become infected in the rectum as a result of contamination of the anal area with vaginal fluids. Gonorrhea is spread during sexual intercourse, whether it is vaginal, oral or anal. Rates of infection are higher among adolescents and young adults, men who have sex with men, heterosexual males, and African Americans, particularly those in urban areas and southern United States. In 2016, 468,514 cases of gonorrhea were reported to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention however, about 700,000 cases are believed to occur annually. However, gonorrhea rates have increased in this decade, and rates in the United States remain higher than in any other industrialized country. Fortunately, this widespread STI has gradually declined substantially since a national control program was instituted in 1975. Gonorrhea rose to epidemic proportions in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s. If you are pregnant, you should be tested early in your pregnancy for the disease. Women with new or multiple sexual partners or those with a sexual partner who has an STI should be tested annually as well, regardless of their age. If you are under the age of 25 and sexually active, you should get tested annually for this infection. Untreated gonorrhea can cause infertility, especially in women. Gonorrhea is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also called gonococcus. Gonorrhea is a curable sexually transmitted infection (STI), second only to chlamydia as the most frequently reported STI in the United States.
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